Overview
Komodia Redirector with SSL Digestor installs non-unique root CA certificates and private keys, making systems broadly vulnerable to HTTPS spoofing
Description
Komodia Redirector SDK is a self-described "interception engine" designed to enable developers to integrate proxy services and web traffic modification (such as ad injection) into their applications. With the SSL Digestor module, HTTPS traffic can also be manipulated. This is accomplished by installing a root CA certificate into browser trusted certificate stores, enabling the proxy to effectively man-in-the-middle all web traffic without raising any flags for the end-user.
In multiple applications implementing Komodia's libraries, such as Superfish Visual Discovery and KeepMyFamilySecure, the root CA certificates have been found to use trivially obtainable, publicly disclosed, hard-coded private keys. Note that these keys appear to be distinct per application, though the same methods have proven successful in revealing the private keys in each instance.
In addition to sharing root CA certificates across installation, it has been reported that the SSL validation that Komodia itself performs is broken. This vulnerability can allow an attacker to universally attack all installations of Komodia Redirector, rather than needing to focus on a single application / certificate. Users should be aware that uninstalling affected applications is not sufficient to remove the security risk since the root certificates are not removed in the process. The Superfish removal instructions provided by Lenovo, whose consumer-grade systems come bundled with the software, describe steps users with Windows 8 can take to remove Superfish and the associated certificate from the Windows certificate store; guidance for removing the certificate from Firefox is not provided. Lenovo users can verify whether their systems contain a Superfish root certificate by visiting this site. A list of potentially affected Lenovo systems is available here. |
Impact
An attacker can spoof HTTPS sites and intercept HTTPS traffic without triggering browser certificate warnings in affected systems.
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Solution
The CERT/CC is currently unaware of any official solutions to this problem and recommends the following workarounds.
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Uninstall Komodia Redirector SDK and associated root CA certificates
Uninstall any software that includes the Komodia Redirector and SSL Digestor libraries. Refer to the Vendor Information section below for an updated list of known affected vendors. After uninstalling an offending application, it is also necessary to independently remove compromised root CA certificates. Note that the names of these certificates are likely to vary based on the originating application. Microsoft provides guidance on deleting and managing certificates in the Windows certificate store. Mozilla provides similar guidance for their software, including the Firefox and Thunderbird certificate stores. |
Vendor Information (Learn More)
| Vendor | Status | Date Notified | Date Updated |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atom Security, Inc | Affected | 20 Feb 2015 | 22 Feb 2015 |
| Infoweise | Affected | 22 Feb 2015 | 22 Feb 2015 |
| KeepMyFamilySecure | Affected | 19 Feb 2015 | 20 Feb 2015 |
| Komodia | Affected | 19 Feb 2015 | 20 Feb 2015 |
| Kurupira | Affected | - | 20 Feb 2015 |
| Lavasoft | Affected | 20 Feb 2015 | 22 Feb 2015 |
| Lenovo | Affected | 19 Feb 2015 | 20 Feb 2015 |
| Qustodio | Affected | 19 Feb 2015 | 20 Feb 2015 |
| Superfish | Affected | 19 Feb 2015 | 20 Feb 2015 |
| Websecure Ltd | Affected | 20 Feb 2015 | 20 Feb 2015 |
CVSS Metrics (Learn More)
| Group | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|
| Base | 8.5 | AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:P/A:N |
| Temporal | 8.1 | E:H/RL:W/RC:C |
| Environmental | 8.6 | CDP:LM/TD:H/CR:ND/IR:ND/AR:ND |
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